|
|
| Lutetium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,32,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 |
| Ground state | 2D3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 17.78 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.27 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.2 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.1 x 10-10 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 398 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 19.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 428 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.86 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16.4 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 9.9 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 893 MPa |
| Vickers hardness | 1160 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 47.6 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.261 |
| Shear modulus | 27.2 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 68.6 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5.6 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 2.176 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 3.3 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 50.9 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
5.4259 |
| Second
|
13.888 |
| Third
|
20.957 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
54.0698 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
52.965 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 24.8) |
61.283 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 9.5) |
62.4797 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 9.8) |
61.1481 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
7.6555 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
7.6049 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 41) |
8.709 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 17) |
9.0489 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 6.7) |
8.843 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
8.6039 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 5.5) |
10.1434 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 2) |
10.4586 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
7.855 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 5) |
6.7491 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
175 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
217 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
160 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
131 pm |
| Metallic
|
173.8 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 1.001 | 0.861 | R |
| VIII | 1.117 | 0.977 | R | |
| IX | 1.172 | 1.032 | R | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Lu+3 |
| Other
|
|
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
523.5 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1340 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2022 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4360 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1906 | 2103 | 2346 | (2653) | (3072) | (3663) |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagonal close packed |
 |
a = 350.31 pm |
| b = 350.31 pm | |
| c = 555.09 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |